Pygmy Rattlesnake
(Sistrurus miliarius)[11]
Distribution:
The Pygmy Rattlesnake can be found from western Texas, through Florida, and up to the southern edge of North Carolina. In the state it ranges along the southern border from Charlotte to the coast. The Pygmy Rattlesnake tends to find habitat in pine and hardwood forests.
North Carolina Range of the Pygmy Rattlesnake[4]
Description:
Pygmy Rattlesnakes can be found between 1-2 feet in length. The Pygmy Rattlesnakes head is barely broader than the neck. The Pygmy Rattlesnake also has more rounded eyes, still slightly oblong. The appearance of the Pygmy Rattlesnake allows it to be easily identified as it is so brightly colored. Pygmy Rattlesnakes can be found as a deep red, pink, black or gray base tone with dark black circles along the back and an orange or brown "racing stripe" which you can see on the two images below. The Pygmy does have a rattle, but the rattle is rather small and doesn't make as much noise as some of the other rattlesnakes (Behler 1979; Campbell, 2004).
 |
| Gray Coloration[12] |
 |
| Dark coloration[13] |
Toxins & Defenses:
The Pygmy Rattlesnake uses a mix of signaling along with a strong hemotoxin to ward off predators. Using their bright coloration and rattle, the Pygmy Rattlesnake is attempting to advertise it's venomous nature (PCC, 2016). The overall sound of the Pygmy Rattlesnake is rather muffled and difficult to hear until close (Behler, 1979). If a threat were to approach, the Pygmy Rattlesnake will bite and use a venom very similar to the Copperhead and Cottonmouth venom. The blood will coagulate and the surrounding skin will discolor and bruise.
What to do if bitten:
If you are bitten, it is important to remain calm. Do not attempt to catch or kill the snake which bit you. Call the Carolina's Poison Center at 1-800-222-1222. When you do call, try your best to recall what snake bit you. Attempt to clean the wound if you have access to soap and water. Cleaning with warm soap and water helps to prevent further infection. Make sure that you don't cinch off the skin around the wound. If you can also attempt to elevate the wound above the heart. If you can not reach the CPC for whatever reason, call
911 immediately. The police can help you find a local hospital with antivenin. If you can, have a family member or friend take you to the nearest hospital where you can receive proper treatment.
